Pygame RPG Series – Code Review 2

Here you can view the full code for our Pygame RPG series that we have written uptil this point. A link for the download of this code, along with the materials are available at the end of this code review.

The main reason behind this code review is because uptil now we’ve been discussing code in small snippets (due to the sheer size). For anyone having trouble connecting together these snippets, you can use the below code as reference.


Pygame RPG Code

The code below covers the following tutorials (1 – 12):


Code:

import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
import sys
import random
import time
from tkinter import filedialog
from tkinter import *


pygame.init()  # Begin pygame

# Declaring variables to be used through the program
vec = pygame.math.Vector2
HEIGHT = 350
WIDTH = 700
ACC = 0.3
FRIC = -0.10
FPS = 60
FPS_CLOCK = pygame.time.Clock()
COUNT = 0

# Create the display
displaysurface = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("Game")


# Run animation for the RIGHT
run_ani_R = [pygame.image.load("Player_Sprite_R.png"), pygame.image.load("Player_Sprite2_R.png"),
             pygame.image.load("Player_Sprite3_R.png"),pygame.image.load("Player_Sprite4_R.png"),
             pygame.image.load("Player_Sprite5_R.png"),pygame.image.load("Player_Sprite6_R.png"),
             pygame.image.load("Player_Sprite_R.png")]

# Run animation for the LEFT
run_ani_L = [pygame.image.load("Player_Sprite_L.png"), pygame.image.load("Player_Sprite2_L.png"),
             pygame.image.load("Player_Sprite3_L.png"),pygame.image.load("Player_Sprite4_L.png"),
             pygame.image.load("Player_Sprite5_L.png"),pygame.image.load("Player_Sprite6_L.png"),
             pygame.image.load("Player_Sprite_L.png")]

# Attack animation for the RIGHT
attack_ani_R = [pygame.image.load("Player_Sprite_R.png"), pygame.image.load("Player_Attack_R.png"),
                pygame.image.load("Player_Attack2_R.png"),pygame.image.load("Player_Attack2_R.png"),
                pygame.image.load("Player_Attack3_R.png"),pygame.image.load("Player_Attack3_R.png"),
                pygame.image.load("Player_Attack4_R.png"),pygame.image.load("Player_Attack4_R.png"),
                pygame.image.load("Player_Attack5_R.png"),pygame.image.load("Player_Attack5_R.png"),
                pygame.image.load("Player_Sprite_R.png")]

# Attack animation for the LEFT
attack_ani_L = [pygame.image.load("Player_Sprite_L.png"), pygame.image.load("Player_Attack_L.png"),
                pygame.image.load("Player_Attack2_L.png"),pygame.image.load("Player_Attack2_L.png"),
                pygame.image.load("Player_Attack3_L.png"),pygame.image.load("Player_Attack3_L.png"),
                pygame.image.load("Player_Attack4_L.png"),pygame.image.load("Player_Attack4_L.png"),
                pygame.image.load("Player_Attack5_L.png"),pygame.image.load("Player_Attack5_L.png"),
                pygame.image.load("Player_Sprite_L.png")]

# Animations for the Health Bar
health_ani = [pygame.image.load("heart0.png"), pygame.image.load("heart.png"),
              pygame.image.load("heart2.png"), pygame.image.load("heart3.png"),
              pygame.image.load("heart4.png"), pygame.image.load("heart5.png")]


class Background(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
      def __init__(self):
            super().__init__()
            self.bgimage = pygame.image.load("Background.png")
            self.rectBGimg = self.bgimage.get_rect()        
            self.bgY = 0
            self.bgX = 0

      def render(self):
            displaysurface.blit(self.bgimage, (self.bgX, self.bgY))      


class Ground(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.image = pygame.image.load("Ground.png")
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect(center = (350, 350))
        self.bgX1 = 0
        self.bgY1 = 285

    def render(self):
        displaysurface.blit(self.image, (self.bgX1, self.bgY1)) 


class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.image = pygame.image.load("Player_Sprite_R.png")
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()

        # Position and direction
        self.vx = 0
        self.pos = vec((340, 240))
        self.vel = vec(0,0)
        self.acc = vec(0,0)
        self.direction = "RIGHT"

        # Movement 
        self.jumping = False
        self.running = False
        self.move_frame = 0

        #Combat
        self.attacking = False
        self.cooldown = False
        self.immune = False
        self.special = False
        self.experiance = 0
        self.attack_frame = 0
        self.health = 5
        self.magic_cooldown = 1
        self.mana = 0


    def move(self):
          # Keep a constant acceleration of 0.5 in the downwards direction (gravity)
          self.acc = vec(0,0.5)

          # Will set running to False if the player has slowed down to a certain extent
          if abs(self.vel.x) > 0.3:
                self.running = True
          else:
                self.running = False

          # Returns the current key presses
          pressed_keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()

          # Accelerates the player in the direction of the key press
          if pressed_keys[K_LEFT]:
                self.acc.x = -ACC
          if pressed_keys[K_RIGHT]:
                self.acc.x = ACC 

          # Formulas to calculate velocity while accounting for friction
          self.acc.x += self.vel.x * FRIC
          self.vel += self.acc
          self.pos += self.vel + 0.5 * self.acc  # Updates Position with new values

          # This causes character warping from one point of the screen to the other
          if self.pos.x > WIDTH:
                self.pos.x = 0
          if self.pos.x < 0:
                self.pos.x = WIDTH
        
          self.rect.midbottom = self.pos  # Update rect with new pos            

    def gravity_check(self):
          hits = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(player ,ground_group, False)
          if self.vel.y > 0:
              if hits:
                  lowest = hits[0]
                  if self.pos.y < lowest.rect.bottom:
                      self.pos.y = lowest.rect.top + 1
                      self.vel.y = 0
                      self.jumping = False


    def update(self):
          # Return to base frame if at end of movement sequence 
          if self.move_frame > 6:
                self.move_frame = 0
                return

          # Move the character to the next frame if conditions are met 
          if self.jumping == False and self.running == True:  
                if self.vel.x > 0:
                      self.image = run_ani_R[self.move_frame]
                      self.direction = "RIGHT"
                else:
                      self.image = run_ani_L[self.move_frame]
                      self.direction = "LEFT"
                self.move_frame += 1

          # Returns to base frame if standing still and incorrect frame is showing
          if abs(self.vel.x) < 0.2 and self.move_frame != 0:
                self.move_frame = 0
                if self.direction == "RIGHT":
                      self.image = run_ani_R[self.move_frame]
                elif self.direction == "LEFT":
                      self.image = run_ani_L[self.move_frame]

    def attack(self):        
          # If attack frame has reached end of sequence, return to base frame      
          if self.attack_frame > 10:
                self.attack_frame = 0
                self.attacking = False

          # Check direction for correct animation to display  
          if self.direction == "RIGHT":
                 self.image = attack_ani_R[self.attack_frame]
          elif self.direction == "LEFT":
                 self.correction()
                 self.image = attack_ani_L[self.attack_frame] 

          # Update the current attack frame  
          self.attack_frame += 1
          

    def jump(self):
        self.rect.x += 1

        # Check to see if payer is in contact with the ground
        hits = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, ground_group, False)
        
        self.rect.x -= 1

        # If touching the ground, and not currently jumping, cause the player to jump.
        if hits and not self.jumping:
           self.jumping = True 
           self.vel.y = -12

    def correction(self):
          # Function is used to correct an error
          # with character position on left attack frames
          if self.attack_frame == 1:
                self.pos.x -= 20
          if self.attack_frame == 10:
                self.pos.x += 20
                
    def player_hit(self):
        if self.cooldown == False:      
            self.cooldown = True # Enable the cooldown
            pygame.time.set_timer(hit_cooldown, 1000) # Resets cooldown in 1 second

            self.health = self.health - 1
            health.image = health_ani[self.health]
            
            if self.health <= 0:
                self.kill()
                pygame.display.update()

      
class Enemy(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
      def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.image = pygame.image.load("Enemy.png")
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()     
        self.pos = vec(0,0)
        self.vel = vec(0,0)

        self.direction = random.randint(0,1) # 0 for Right, 1 for Left
        self.vel.x = random.randint(2,6) / 2  # Randomised velocity of the generated enemy

        # Sets the intial position of the enemy
        if self.direction == 0:
            self.pos.x = 0
            self.pos.y = 235
        if self.direction == 1:
            self.pos.x = 700
            self.pos.y = 235


      def move(self):
        # Causes the enemy to change directions upon reaching the end of screen    
        if self.pos.x >= (WIDTH-20):
              self.direction = 1
        elif self.pos.x <= 0:
              self.direction = 0

        # Updates positon with new values     
        if self.direction == 0:
            self.pos.x += self.vel.x
        if self.direction == 1:
            self.pos.x -= self.vel.x
            
        self.rect.center = self.pos # Updates rect
               
      def update(self):
            # Checks for collision with the Player
            hits = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, Playergroup, False)
            #print("fff")

            # Activates upon either of the two expressions being true
            if hits and player.attacking == True:
                  print("Enemy Killed")
                  self.kill()

            # If collision has occured and player not attacking, call "hit" function            
            elif hits and player.attacking == False:
                  player.player_hit()
                  
      def render(self):
            # Displayed the enemy on screen
            displaysurface.blit(self.image, (self.pos.x, self.pos.y))


class Castle(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
      def __init__(self):
            super().__init__()
            self.hide = False
            self.image = pygame.image.load("castle.png")

      def update(self):
            if self.hide == False:
                  displaysurface.blit(self.image, (400, 80))


class EventHandler():
      def __init__(self):
            self.enemy_count = 0
            self.battle = False
            self.enemy_generation = pygame.USEREVENT + 1
            self.stage = 1

            self.stage_enemies = []
            for x in range(1, 21):
                  self.stage_enemies.append(int((x ** 2 / 2) + 1))
            
      def stage_handler(self):
            # Code for the Tkinter stage selection window
            self.root = Tk()
            self.root.geometry('200x170')
            
            button1 = Button(self.root, text = "Twilight Dungeon", width = 18, height = 2,
                            command = self.world1)
            button2 = Button(self.root, text = "Skyward Dungeon", width = 18, height = 2,
                            command = self.world2)
            button3 = Button(self.root, text = "Hell Dungeon", width = 18, height = 2,
                            command = self.world3)
             
            button1.place(x = 40, y = 15)
            button2.place(x = 40, y = 65)
            button3.place(x = 40, y = 115)
            
            self.root.mainloop()
      
      def world1(self):
            self.root.destroy()
            pygame.time.set_timer(self.enemy_generation, 2000)
            castle.hide = True
            self.battle = True

      def world2(self):
            self.battle = True
            

      def world3(self):
            self.battle = True
 
      def next_stage(self):  # Code for when the next stage is clicked            
            self.stage += 1
            print("Stage: "  + str(self.stage))
            self.enemy_count = 0
            pygame.time.set_timer(self.enemy_generation, 1500 - (50 * self.stage))      


class HealthBar(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
      def __init__(self):
            super().__init__()
            self.image = pygame.image.load("heart5.png")

      def render(self):
            displaysurface.blit(self.image, (10,10))

Enemies = pygame.sprite.Group()

player = Player()
Playergroup = pygame.sprite.Group()
Playergroup.add(player)

background = Background()

ground = Ground()
ground_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
ground_group.add(ground)

castle = Castle()
handler = EventHandler()
health = HealthBar()

hit_cooldown = pygame.USEREVENT + 1

while True:
    player.gravity_check()
  
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == hit_cooldown:
            player.cooldown = False
        # Will run when the close window button is clicked    
        if event.type == QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()
        if event.type == handler.enemy_generation:
            if handler.enemy_count < handler.stage_enemies[handler.stage - 1]:
                  #print(handler.enemy_count)
                  #print(handler.stage_enemies[handler.stage - 1])
                  enemy = Enemy()
                  Enemies.add(enemy)
                  handler.enemy_count += 1     
            
        # For events that occur upon clicking the mouse (left click) 
        if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
              pass


        # Event handling for a range of different key presses    
        if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == pygame.K_n:
                  if handler.battle == True and len(Enemies) == 0:
                        handler.next_stage() 
            if event.key == pygame.K_q and 450 < player.rect.x < 550:
                handler.stage_handler()
            if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
                player.jump()
            if event.key == pygame.K_RETURN:
                if player.attacking == False:
                    player.attack()
                    player.attacking = True      


    # Player related functions
    player.update()
    if player.attacking == True:
          player.attack() 
    player.move()                

    # Display and Background related functions         
    background.render()
    ground.render()

    # Rendering Sprites
    castle.update()
    if player.health > 0:
        displaysurface.blit(player.image, player.rect)
    health.render()

    for entity in Enemies:
          entity.update()
          entity.move()
          entity.render()
          

    pygame.display.update()      
    FPS_CLOCK.tick(FPS)


This marks the end of the Pygame RPG Course Review 2. Any suggestions or contributions for CodersLegacy are more than welcome. Questions regarding the article content can be asked in the comments section below.

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